Writers and artists in general are imperfect creatures; and, in fact, I would say that because so much of writing is steeped in lore and mythos that it’s actually quite a toxic world to live in for anybody trying to venture into the land of scribbles. But, then, how do we separate ourselves from the toxic artist who believes things we don’t believe–even if the work they’ve published is so near and dear to our heart?
In other words, can I still read (insert book) even if I don’t agree with (insert author)‘s opinions?
Well, it’s important to remember that humans are complicated creatures that aren’t simply black and white colors of belief, and are informed by their histories and the society around them.
I myself have stayed away from writers that I don’t agree with politically or authors that I find gross. It happens. But, academically speaking, we really should stay in a macro mindset when considering artists who have troubling beliefs.
Today, we are going to look at separating the art from the artist, because, as I will point out, it’s important to read on many different levels regardless of how you feel about an author’s opinions on personal issues and otherwise.
L. Frank Baum: the writer and vehement hater of Native Americans
To begin, let’s take a look at a classic example of an author’s controversial beliefs by studying the author of The Wizard of Oz, L. Frank Baum.
We know quite a bit about Baum from his work at a Dakota newspaper (before the publication of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz) and through his correspondences throughout his life. He was a creative but complicated force (as were many artists from his era due to inept racial attitudes). On the softer side, we see a man driven by invention of character, whether playing the role of a shop owner or an editor at a newspaper.
“I think a lot of the things that he did were trying to see what was popular and trying for himself to profit from that,” said creator of the documentary American Oz. “… I think that comes through all the different things that he did, including in Chicago when he started the magazine about window-dressing show windows” (Rockett).
He was a creative figure who had an enormous output of fantastic literature in his lifetime, but he was not without flaw.
As stated, on the harder side, we see the imperialistic attitudes of the nation mirrored in Baum’s own beliefs about Native Americans and the superiority of Whites in America.
In an editorial he wrote about the death of Sitting Bull, Baum wrote:
“The Whites, by law of conquest, by justice of civilization, are masters of the American continent, and the best safety of the frontier settlements will be secured by the total annihilation of the few remaining Indians” (Sutherland).
His statements about Native Americans were not unusual for the time, reflecting a prevalent perspective during that era. However, it is important to acknowledge that historical context can help us understand the complexity of these viewpoints.
When exploring this topic, one can look at a broader historical narrative to gain some insights. The most concrete evidence one needs to explain Baum’s beliefs is the US government’s treatment of Native Americans throughout US history. From the concept of Manifest Destiny, the forced removal of tribes from their ancestral lands, to the tragic events and fatalities of displacement and genocide, the plight of Native Americans is a painful chapter in American history.
The federal government’s failure to uphold treaties made with Native American tribes further highlights the systemic issues faced by Indigenous communities. Despite formal agreements and promises, Native Americans have often found themselves disregarded and marginalized, contributing to a sense of mistrust and injustice that persists to this day.
Disseminating hateful rhetoric
Humans, as beings of immense complexity, are susceptible to displaying a wide range of behaviors and emotions. While this in no way justifies or condones improper conduct, it does urge us to delve deeper into the intricacies of an author’s perspective. By understanding their personal backgrounds and the shadows that may have influenced their lives, we can gain insight into the motivations behind their creation of captivating works of fiction.
It is often through the exploration of the human condition, with all its triumphs and failures, that authors are able to craft compelling narratives that resonate with readers on a profound level. By delving into the depths of human experience, they can depict characters who face their own misery, and who navigate the complexities of life in ways that can both inspire and provoke thought. Therefore even a man with twisted beliefs may have the capacity to create something larger than himself.
To put it more succinctly:
“Baum’s life was one of contradictions: through his wife’s mother, he became familiar with the cause of women’s suffrage and was an ardent supporter of the effort, particularly through the newspaper he owned in South Dakota. But when that territory became a state amid ongoing conflicts with Native Americans, his words took a racist and hateful turn” (Monks).
With that being said, the honesty that comes with the soul also carries with it dangerous ideas and entrenched beliefs. Beliefs that aren’t always kind to the marginalized groups in our society, and sometimes they are downright despicable and hostile.
Conclusion
Through analysis of The Wizard of Oz, we can come to understand how Baum’s background impacted his stories, as we will see racist caricatures and protagonists that fit within the realm of the “white savior,” but we also experience stories that feature universal themes, such as friendship, love, and loyalty.
Likewise, it is vital to recognize and understand the social and cultural context in which artworks were created. This allows us to gain a more comprehensive perspective on the artists and their creations. Baum lived during a time when vile attitudes and harmful stereotypes existed in society. While his work undoubtedly entertained and captivated readers, it is important to critically analyze the underlying messages and themes present in his stories.
Yes, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a beloved classic that holds a special place in the hearts of many readers; and, Baum’s vivid imagination and intricately woven tale of adventure and self-discovery continue to resonate with audiences of all ages. However, Baum, like many authors of his time, used stereotypes and caricatures in his storytelling. The portrayal of certain characters, such as the Wicked Witch of the East, the Winged Monkeys, and the Munchkins, can be seen as perpetuating harmful stereotypes of women, minorities, and little people.
Again, this doesn’t excuse the hurtful opinions that Baum possessed (and most of America at the time), but just as it is important to study history lest it repeats itself, we want to do the same for the artists and art that has shaped our creative world. By examining the works of authors like Baum within their historical context, we can start important conversations about cultural representation, stereotyping, and the impact of literature on society.
It is essential to approach literature and art with a critical eye, acknowledging both their merits and flaws. By engaging in thoughtful discussions and fostering inclusive perspectives, we can appreciate the imaginative and creative aspects of works like The Wonderful Wizard of Oz while also challenging the harmful aspects they may contain.
Understanding the complex nature of art and its societal influence allows us to actively shape a more inclusive and empathetic future. As we continue to explore literary works from different eras, we must celebrate progress while also recognizing the work that remains to be done in destroying stereotypes. In doing so, we can appreciate the lasting impact of literary classics like The Wonderful Wizard of Oz while striving towards a more diverse and equitable society.
After all, it is through critical examination and open dialogue that we can learn, grow, and create a better world for everyone.
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